COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: INTELLIGENCE

   

Hye there. We meet again! So, as promised now I will share with you about intelligence. Basically, intelligence is the ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems.

   I always wondering before this that is it really true we can measure our intelligence. As for me, I never believed that intelligence can be measured. But, after learning this chapter I change my perception as I know the existence of a test call IQ Test. Before this, I thought that IQ Test cannot be trusted but our lecturer told us about the history and also the credibility of the test to convince us about its function.

This is the example of IQ Test that you can find on the internet but actually an IQ Test is absolutely more than just this. IQ represents intelligence quotient which is calculated by division of ž  one’s mental age by one’s chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100.

  The examples of reliable IQ Test are ž  Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test (IQ score) and Wechsler Intelligence Tests (verbal score and a performance score, as well as an overall score of intelligence).

   

  The IQ Test needs to have these characteristics in order to develop.
   
   1. STANDARDIZATION
   It means that we need to conduct the tests to whom it was designed for. For example, if the test is specially created for children, then the adults cannot use this test to measure their intelligence.
     

  

    From here we can know that children can never be a small adult and that is what also applied to the adults. 
   
   2. VALIDITY
  It means that the degree in which the test measure what it actually supposed to measure. For example, the outcome for a driving test is to measure how capable the driver is in driving his car. The same principles goes to the validity in IQ Test.

   3. RELIABILITY
   Reliability in IQ Test is the tendency of the test will produce the nearly match result or exactly match whenever it is repeated for the second time by the same person. For example, if today you take a test and you get the result, let's say it is 138 and for the next month when you take the same test you get 58 only it means that the IQ Test is not reliable at all.
   
   

   Okay now let us move on to the next part which is CREATIVITY.
  This is my favorite part in this chapter because I can share with you a new knowledge that i have recently learned which I never think of. Hahaha, how does it sounds? Suspicious isn't it?

  Creativity is the process of solving problems by combining the ideas or behaviors in new ways. 
  
  The first one is convergent thinking. CONVERGENT is a type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic. 

   The opposite of the convergent is what I talked to you just now (that I can't wait to share with you) is divergent thinking. DIVERGENT is type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.

   ##Well, I just think that it is interesting because before this I enjoyed the movie Divergent but i have no clue about the Divergent. Hahahaha.. Sorry, if you guys do not feel the same way as I do. But, I feel excited as now I can related my learning with my favorite movie. Okay, let's get back to our point.




   While we are busy talking about intelligence and what not, we nearly forget about the theories exist for the element in our mind (intelligence).

  First, we have Spearman's Theory and Gardner's Theory.
  

SPEARMAN’S THEORY	GARDNER’S THEORY
g factor – the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence.     s factor – the ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence.	Multiple intelligences - ranging from verbal, linguistic, and mathematical to interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence.

  
   Next, we have Triarchic Theory of Inteligence which is introduced by Sternberg. In this theory it is said that intelligence divided into three kinds.

1.     ANALYTICAL INTELLIGENCE : the ability to break problem downs into component parts and analysis for solving any problem.
2.     CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE: the ability to deal with new and different concepts and new ways of solving problems.
3.     PRACTICAL INTELLIGENCE: the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful.

   

    

    Last but not least, we have Emotional Intelligence. This theory is about the awareness of and ability to manage one’s own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled. Viewed as a powerful influence on success in life.

   For me, emotional intelligence is the most influential and crucial part of all because it involves emotion and social skills in life. There are some people who are successful in their academic records but they are not able to become successful in their life. This is purely because they are lack of this type of intelligence which focus more on common sense as a human.

   

 

   

   Finally, we have come to the end of our entry for this week. Don't forget to visit again next week for more useful information regarding PSYCHOLOGY. Bye!